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GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSION

1. INTIAL IMO STRATEGY ON REDUCTION OF GREEN HOUSE GAS (GHG) EMISSIONS FROM SHIP WAS PASSED IN IMO RESOLUTION MEPC.304(72) WHICH WAS ADOPTED ON 13 APRIL 2018.
2. INTIAL STRATEGY IS THE FIRST MILESTONE TO SET OUT THE ROADMAP FOR DEVELOPING COMPREHENSIVE IMO STRATEGY FOR THE REDUCTION OF GHG EMISSIONS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING.
3. ROADMAP IS TO BE ADOPTED IN 2023.

OBJECTIVE OF INITIAL STRATEGY:

1. IMO CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS GLOBAL EFFORTS TO BE ENHANCED BY ADDRESSING GHG EMISSIONS FROM INTRNATIONAL SHIPPING.
2. TO IDENTIFY MEASURES THAT SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED FOR REDUCTION OF GHG BY THE INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING WHILE ADDRESSING IMPACT ON STATE AND RECOGNISING THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING ON THE GLOBAL TRADE.
3. IDENTIFING MEASURES AND ACTIONS TO HELP ACHIEVE THIS INTIAL STRATEGY AND HELP IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND MONITORING OF GHG EMISSIONS FROM THE SHIP.

LEVEL OF AMBITIONS:

1. SHIP’S CORBON INTENSITY TO BE REDUCED BY IMPLEMENTATION OF FURTHER PHASES OF EEDI FOR NEW SHIP.
2. CARBON INTENSITY OF INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING AS CARBON EMISSIONS PER TRANSPORT WORK TO BE REDUCED BY 40% BY 2030 AND 70% BY 2050 COMPARED TO 2008.
3. GHG EMISSIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING TO PEAK AND DECLINE, AND TO REDUCE TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS BY ATLEAST 50% BY 2050 COMPARED TO 2008.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES:

1. THE NEED TO BE AWARE OF THE PRINCIPLES ALREADY IN EFFECT IN INSTRUMENTS ALREADY DEVELOPED LIKE IN MARPOL,UNFCCC, KYOTO PROTOCOL AND PARIS AGREEMENT.
2. ALL SHIPS TO GIVE FULL AND COMPLETE EFFECT TO IMPLEMENT MANDATORY MEASURES TO ENSURE THE EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS STRATEGY.
3. IMPACT ON STATES TO BE CONSIDERED.
4. NEED FOR EVIDENCE BASED DECISION MAKING BALANCED WITH PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH SET OUT IN RESOLUTION MEPC. 67 (37).

TIMELINE:

1. POSSIBLE SHORT-TERM MEASURES FINALISED AND AGREED BY THE COMMITTEE BETWEEN 2018 AND 2023.
2. POSSIBLE MID-TERM MEASURES FINALISED AND AGREED BY THE COMMITTEE BETWEEN 2023 AND 2030.
3. POSSIBLE LONG-TERM MEAUSRES FINALISED AND AGREED BY THE COMMITTEE BEYOND 2030.

LIST OF CANDIDATE SHORT TERM MEAURES:

THERE ARE MEASURES WHICH DIRECTLY EFFECT THE REDUCTION OF GHG AND THERE ARE THOSE WHICH SUPPORT THE REDUCTION OF GHG EMISSIONS. THESE MEASURES ARE:

1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY FRAMEWORK TO BE IMPROVED WITH FOCUS ON EEDI AND SEEMP, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE OUTCOME OF THE REVIEW OF EEDI.
2. TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL MEASURES FOR ENERGY EFFECIENCY TO BE DEVELOPED EG. ANNUAL EFFICIENCY RATIO, ENERGY EFFICIENCY PER SERVICE HOUR, INDIVIDUAL SHIP PERFORMANCE INDICATOR AND FUEL OIL REDUCTION STRATEGY.
3. ESTABLISHMENT OF EXISTING FLEET IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME.
4. USE OF SPEED OPTIMIZATION AND SPEED REDUCTION AS A MEASURE TO REDUCE GHG EMISSIONS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT SAFETY ISSUES, DISTANCE TRAVELLED ETC SUCH THAT IT DOESNOT IMPACT ON SHIPPING CAPABILITY TO SERVE REMOTE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA.
5. CONSIDER AND ANALYSE MEASURES TO ADDRESS EMISSIONS OF METHANE AND VOC.
6. CONTINUE AND ENHANCE TECHNICAL COOPERATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES UNDER ITCP.
7. CONSIDER AND ANALYSE MEASURES TO DEVELOP PORT ACTIVITIES FOR REDUCTION IN GHG LIKE SHORE POWER, LOW CARBON FUELS ETC.
8. INITIATE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR TECHNOLOGIES TO FURTHER IMPROVE EEDI OF SHIPS.
9. INCENTIVES FOR FIRST MOVERS TO DEVELOP AND TAKE UP NEW TECHNOLOGIES.

LIST OF CANDIDATE MID-TERM MEASURES:

1. TO IMPLEMENT PROGRAM FOR EFFECTIVE UPTAKE OF ALTERNATE LOW OR ZERO CARBON FUEL AND TO UPDATE NATIONAL ACTION PLANS FOR SUCH FUELS.
2. NEW/ INNOVATIVE EMISSION REDUCTION MECHANISM LIKE MARKET BASED MEASURES TO INCENTIVISE GHG EMISSION REDUCTION.
3. FURTHER CONTINUE AND ENHANCE TECHNICAL COOPERATION AND CAPACITY- BUILDING ACTIVITIES UNDER ITPC.
4. TO DEVELOP FEEDBACK MECHANISM FROM IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES TO GET THE LESSONS LEARNED AND SHARE THROUGH POSSIBLE INFORMATION EXCHANGE ON BEST PRACTICE.
5. OPERATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES FOR BOTH OLD AND NEW SHIP TO INDICATE AND ENHANCE EEDI OF SHIP.

LIST OF CANDIDATE LONG-TERM MEASURES:

1. PURSUE THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROVISION OF ZERO CARBON FUEL TO ENABLE SHIP SECTOR TO ACCESS AND CONSIDER DECARBONISATION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE CENTURY.
2. NEW/ INNOVATIVE REDUCTION MECHANISM TO BE ENCOURAGED AND ADOPTED.

IMPACT ON STATE:

MEASURES TO REDUCE GHG EMISSIONS SHOULD BE ACCESSED FOR ITS IMPACT ON THE STATE. THESE IMPACTS ARE:

1. GEOGRAPHICAL REMOTENESS AND CONNECTIVITY OF MARKET.
2. CARGO VALUE AND TYPE.
3. TRANSPORT DEPENDENCY.
4. TRANSPORT COST
5. FOOD SECURITY.
6. DISASTER RESPONSE
7. COST EFFECTIVENESS
8. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROGRESS AND DEVELOPMENT.

BARRIERS AND SUPPORTIVE MEASURES, CAPACITY- BUILDING AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION; R&D:

THE COMMITTEE:

1. RECOGNISES THAT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES HVE SPECIAL NEED W.R.T CAPACITY-BUILDING AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION.
2. ACKNOWLEDGES THAT DEVELOPMENT AND AVAILABILITY OF NEW ENERGY RESOURCES FOR SHIP IS A BARRIER.
3. ASSIST TH EFFORT TO PROMOTE LOW-CARBON TECHNOLOGIES BY FACILITATING PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE.
4. SHOULD FOLLOW RESOLUTION MEPC.229(65) FOR CAPACITY-BUILDING, INFORMATION SHARING.